MUSICA GENERA FESTIVAL 2009
International festival of contemporary music and art of sound
26-27-28 June 2009, Warsaw, Poland

Dramatyczny Theatre of c.s. Warsaw of Gustaw Holoubek
Muzeum of Modern Art in Warsaw
Powiększenie

Musica Genera Festival is dedicated to the contemporary artistic music, all audio phenomena that can be described as audio art. The eighth installment of the MGF, for the first time in Warsaw, is a new opening for the project. The foundations of MGF are the infinite possibilities of sound creation, structural organization, instrumental techniques, the legacy of dozens of years of creative explorations. Each instalment of the festival presented a segment of this complex sound world. 

This year's festival presents the projects from the fields of installation (Edwin van der Heide, Norbert Möslang, Anna Zaradny), audio-visual performance (Robin Fox, SYNCHRONATOR), film (Stefan Neméth, Elka Krajewska), composer's concert (Lionel Marchetti, Marcus Schmickler), improvisational premieres (Brandlmayr/Friedl/Noetinger, Marhaug/Wiese), acoustic and electronic virtuosity (Reinhold Friedl, Jérôme Noetinger) and performances of legendary groups (PAN SONIC, JAZKAMER). 

MGF is not only the platform of presentation for existing phenomena, but also each year introduces new projects initiated and prepared by the festival's curators. These include unique configurations of improvising, electroacoustic musicians, commissioned works and music releases. This year the new album by Lionela Marchetti and Yoko Higashi "OKURA 73°N-42°E" (Musica Genera: G005) will have it's premiere during the festival. 

The festival events will take place in three venues, each one with it's unique characteristics. The main stage for concerts will be Teatr Dramatyczny: two stages and alternative spaces open for artists and audience. The Modern Art Museum (Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej) will host the sound installations and the lecture. Each day of the festival will end with evening performances in the Klub Powiększenie. 
Cafe Kulturalna will be the festival's official club.

organization Musica Genera, Plan B Association
co-organization Dramatyczny Theatre of c.s. Warsaw of Gustaw Holoubek
cooperation Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw, Powiększenie, Cafe Kulturalna, Encouragement of Contemporary Art in Szczecin
support Capitol City Hall of Warsaw, Pro Helvetia, Austrian Culture Forum, German Embassy Warsaw
curators Anna Zaradny, Robert Piotrowicz
media partners TVP Kultura, 2 Program Polskiego Radia, Przekrój, Notes.na.6.tygodni, Exklusiv, Aktivist, Gazeta Wyborcza, onet.pl
hotel sponsor Hotel Metropol Warszawa
prints Fingerprints
design/video Kopa/kopa.tv
webmaster Dominik Kowalczyk

Artists presented during the festival: 
Martin Brandlmayr (AT), Robin Fox (AUS), Reinhold Friedl (DE), Franz Hautzinger (AT),
Edwin van der Heide (NL), JAZKAMER (NOR), Elka Krajewska (PL-USA), Lionel Marchetti (FR),
Lasse Marhaug (NOR), Norbert Möslang (CH), Stefan Neméth (AT), Jérôme Noetinger (FR)
PAN SONIC (FIN), Phroq (CH), Gert Jan Prins (NL), Marcus Schmickler (DE), SYNCHRONATOR (NL)
Hild Sofie Tafjord (NOR), John Wiese (USA), Paul Wirkus (PL), Christian Wolfarth (CH)
Wolfram (PL), Anna Zaradny (PL)

//////////////////////////////////////// A D R E S S E S ////////////////////////////////////////

Dramatyczny Theatre of c.s. Warsaw of Gustav Holoubek, 
Palace of Culture and Science, Pl. Defilad 1, Warszawa
Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw, ul. Pańska 3, Warszawa
Powiększenie - festival club and office, ul. Nowy Świat 27, Warszawa, tel. +48 503 118 088
Cafe Kulturalna - festival club, Palace of Culture and Science, Plac Defilad 1, Warszawa

//////////////////////////////////////// T I C K E T S ////////////////////////////////////////

	26.06	27.06	28.06		
Dramatyczny Theatre	60,-	60,-	50,-	 PLN	
Powiększenie	-	25,-	20,- 		

Festival pass for all concerts: 150 zł
Festival pass reservation: festival@musicagenera.net
Sale of festival pass and tickets from 19 June at Powiększenie (Warsaw, Nowy Świat 27)

caution! Dramatyczny Theatre, small stage - limited number of seats 

////////////////////////////////////// P R O G R A M M E ////////////////////////////////////////

_____________________________26 June, Friday_____________________________

12:00 - 20:00 Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw _____________________________________________

	Edwin van der Heide (NL)
		Sound Modulated Light 3 PL - audio-visual installation
 
	Anna Zaradny (PL) 
		TRIGONOMETRY7 - audio-visual installation
		eM U Zet E U eM - sound installation
 
18:00 - 20:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, accountancy room, staircase _________________________________

	Norbert Möslang (CH)
		Capture Extended - audio-visual installation 

	Elka Krajewska (PL/USA)
Lata-po-klatka-ch (She flies through frames / Years on stairs) with Chry-ptus by Eliane Radigue
		spatial film 

20:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, big stage ________________________________________________________

	Robin Fox (AUS) 
		computer, laser
 
	Reinhold Friedl (DE) 
		piano
 
21:30 Dramatyczny Theatre, small stage _______________________________________________________

	Franz Hautzinger / Gert Jan Prins / Christian Wolfarth (AT-NL-CH) 
		Franz Hautzinger - trumpet
		Gert Jan Prins - electronics
		Christian Wolfarth - percussions
 
22:30 Dramatyczny Theatre, big stage ________________________________________________________

	PAN SONIC (FIN) 
		Mika Vainio - electronics
		Ilpo Väisänen - electronics
 
23:30 Cafe Kulturalna ______________________________________________________________________
	
Jacek Sienkiewicz / Recognition (PL) 
		afterparty

 
_____________________________27 June, Saturday_____________________________

12:00 - 20:00 Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw _______________________________________

	Edwin van der Heide (NL) 
		Sound Modulated Light 3 PL - audio-visual installation
 
	Anna Zaradny (PL) 
		TRIGONOMETRY7 - audio-visual installation
 		eM U Zet E U eM - sound installation
 
16:00 - 18:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, accountancy room, staircase __________________________________

	Norbert Möslang (CH) 
		Capture Extended - audio-visual installation
 
	Elka Krajewska (PL/USA) 
	Lata-po-klatka-ch (She flies through frames / Years on stairs) with Chry-ptus by Eliane Radigue
		spatial film
 
17:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, Zatorski Hall  _____________________________________________________
	
	Franz Hautzinger (AT) 
		trumpet
 
17:30 Dramatyczny Theatre, small stage _______________________________________________________

	Martin Brandlmayr (AT) 
		drums, vibraphone, electronics
 
	Hild Sofie Tafjord (NOR) 
		electronics, french horn
 
19:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, big stage_________________________________________________________

	Lionel Marchetti (FR) 
		composer's concert, musique concrète
 
20:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, small stage _______________________________________________________

	Martin Brandlmayr / Reinhold Friedl / Jérôme Noetinger (AT-DE-FR) 
		Martin Brandlmayr - drums
		Reinhold Friedl - piano
		Jérôme Noetinger - electroacoustic devices
 
21:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, big stage_ _______________________________________________________

	Marcus Schmickler (DE) 
		computer
 
22:30 Powiększenie _______________________________________________________________________

	Lasse Marhaug / John Wiese (NOR-USA) 
		Lasse Marhaug - electronics
		John Wiese - electronics
 
	Paul Wirkus (DE/PL) 
		electronics

 
_____________________________28 June, Sunday_____________________________

12:00 - 20:00 Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw _______________________________________________

	Edwin van der Heide (NL) 
		Sound Modulated Light 3 PL - audio-visual installation
 
	Anna Zaradny (PL) 
		TRIGONOMETRY7 - audio-visual installation
		eM U Zet E U eM - sound installation
 
14:00 Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw _____________________________________________________

	Lionel Marchetti (FR) 
		lecture
 
16:00 - 18:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, accountancy room, staircase __________________________________
	
	Norbert Möslang (CH) 
		Capture Extended - audio-visual installation
 
	Elka Krajewska (PL/USA) 
	Lata-po-klatka-ch (She flies through frames / Years on stairs) with Chry-ptus by Eliane Radigue
		spatial film
 
18:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, small stage _______________________________________________________

	Jérôme Noetinger (FR) 
		electroacoustic devices
 
	Stefan Neméth (AT) 
		electronics (music for movies by Lotte Schreiber (AT) - "I.E.(site 01 - isole eolie)", "Domino")
 
20:00 Dramatyczny Theatre, big stage ________________________________________________________

	SYNCHRONATOR (NL) 
		Gert Jan Prins - electronics
		Bas van Koolwijk - video
 
	JAZKAMER (NOR) 
		Lasse Marhaug - electronics
		Jon Hegre - guitar
		Nils Are Drönen - drums
 
22:30 Powiększenie _______________________________________________________________________

	Wolfram (PL) 
		computer
 
	Phroq (CH) 
		computer, electronics

/////////////////////////////////// I N S T A L L A T I O N S ///////////////////////////////////

Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw
opening 14.06.2009, 7 PM 
open daily (except Mondays) 12 AM - 8 PM up to 15.07.2009

Edwin van der Heide (NL)
Sound Modulated Light 3 PL 
Sound Modulated Light is an environment of light and sound wherein sound is not present acoustically, but is carried by light. The space consists of a design of multiple lights. Each light bulb has its own soundtrack assigned to it. The sound is modulated on top of the light by means of intensity modulation. Low audio frequencies result in a visible flickering of the lights. Higher audio frequencies result in a flickering that is too fast to be perceived by our eyes. Sound Modulated Light is a participative environment in which the visitors are invited to explore and interact with the space. 
(work from the collection of Encouragement of Contemporary Art Association in Szczecin)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anna Zaradny (PL)
TRIGONOMETRY7 
Trigonometry7 is another work by Anny Zaradny that focuses on the contexts of elusive abstractions. The artist explores and constructs the relation between the optics and sound, traces their circulation. The mutual relation of the elements of Trigonometry7 go beyond the description of space, not only by breaking the visual axis, but by transporting the visual form to the sinusoidal waveform. Sides, angles, the simplest harmonic wave are the main materials of the work, which is a peculiar sculpture, carved in the space by the objective ray of light and the primal sound wave. Trigonometry7 was created on the base of specific architecture of Modern Art Museum in Warsaw, which partly inspired the work.

eM U Zet E U eM 
The interventionist sound installation dedicated to one of the architectural elements of the Modern Art Museum in Warsaw.

================================================================================

Dramatyczny Theatre of c.s. Warsaw of Gustaw Holoubek
26, 27, 28 June, 6-8 PM

Elka Krajewska (PL/USA)
Lata-po-klatka-ch (She flies through frames / Years on stairs) - spatial film 
LATA-PO-KLATKA-CH, a spatial film, will expand over three days of the Musica Genera Festival, advancing through a labyrinth of staircases and hallways of Warsaw's monumental PKiN (Palace of Culture and Science).
Principal cinematic elements (frame, color, shape of projection, sequencing and rhythm) mediated by the artist and adapted intuitively to the descending and ascending structure of the stairways, will dynamically interrogate the space and reset its territories against Chry-ptus (I and II) a two-part recording by the French composer Eliane Radigue who is known for her meditative drone/minimal music that she has been developing since the 60's. 
Chry-ptus, which premiered in New York in 1971, is a composition relying on reciprocal and continuous adjustment of two compatible audio tracks set off by minor de-synchronization. Krajewska will use Chry-ptus and the immediate environment of the staircases as a prepared movie/teleportation machine of sorts, bringing out, adjusting and transporting a distinct filmic field, developing a territorial/durational structure into a physical experiment.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Norbert Möslang (CH)
Capture Extended 
The installation reflects the artist's explorations in the environment of light and sound, mutual relation and interaction of these elements. Capture Extended is a study of capturing the wave nature of light with audio equipment. Simple arrangement of fluorescent lamps and contact microphones is supported by the special, dedicated software. Capture Extended sounds with light and glows with sound.. 

/////////////////////////////////// B I O S ////////////////////////////////////

Martin Brandlmayr 
is an Austrian composer and improviser, a percussionist using also electronics, a vibraphonist. He is a member of groups Radian, Trapist, Kapital Band 1, Autistic Daughters, and recently also Polwechsel. He collaborates with artists such diverse as John Tilbury, Fennesz, Otomo Yoshihide and David Sylvian. His trademark rhythms, rich in detail, complicated time signatures, and sound nuances, indirectly draw inspiration from the so-called intelligent dance music. Brandlmayr's original achievement is the ability to perfectly blend these rhythmic elements into the tissue of improvised music. He proves that there is space for both sound innovations and rhythms in the more open and abstract music aesthetics. At the same time he introduces a lot of experimental elements to the post-rock projects.

Robin Fox 
is an Australian artist utilising digital media, in both improvised and composed contexts, working with visuals and sound and also combining both platforms in the form of audio-visual installations. His work with multichannel audiovisual systems and interactive electroacoustic environments, dealing with the issue of interaction between the performer, the space and the computer, earned him PhD in the field of composition. Among his many activities are performances with the laser shows combined with sound, as an improvising musician in collaborations with such artists as Anthony Pateras (regular duo with releases for Editions Mego), Tony Buck and creating live visualisations for other musicians.

Reinhold Friedl 
was born in Baden-Baden and now lives and works in Berlin. He is a pianist constantly pursuing new means of expression and expanding the sound language of his instrument. Also a composer, founder and artistic director of the Berlin's group Zeitkratzer, a unique collective of soloists dedicated to play the newest music. Complete independence of the group, which includes it's self-financing, allows for total freedom in choice of repertoire and collaborators. Those included Karlheinz Stockhausen, Lou Reed, Keiji Haino, La Monte Young and Merzbow among many others. Friedl, both in his solo activity, and with Zeitkratzer, rejects the idea of the so-called "purity" of new music, assuming that it's constant "contamination" is what keeps it alive and developing. Besides music he has also studied mathematics. He has developed his own unique performing technique involving the piano strings, for which he came up with the term "inside-piano".

Franz Hautzinger 
is a trumpeter and improviser from Austria. He started his career in the 1980s studying jazz in Graz, but after some years of hiatus, he relocated to Wien and started to rediscover his main instrument, the quarter tone trumpet, trying to reflect the aesthetics of contemporary electronic music, using purely acoustic means. These explorations brought him attention of like-minded artists and he started to collaborate with the world's leading improvisers in the experimental music field. Another breakthrough for him was incorporating his new techniques into more melodic and rhythmic world, mainly with his group Regenorchester, an ongoing project with constantly changing lineup. Hautzinger is now a fully developed and versatile artist, open for many aesthetics, with his own, unique sound language. He is a teacher, member of Zeitkratzer collective, a traveller looking for new opportunities and contexts for his music around the world, in collaborations with musicians of many cultures and traditions.

Edwin van der Heide 
is a Dutch artist, who, after studying sonology, devoted himself to experimental activities on the borderland of music, picture and installation. The characteristic feature of his projects is working on the edge of each media's characteristics, which makes it difficult to describe them with the terminology typical for any traditional art form. His realisations, while dealing with sound, are not typical concerts. They can take the shape of performance, installation or interactive multimedia environment. He teaches at many universities, his artistic output includes many compositions and installations, some of which are permanent elements of selected spaces or architectural forms.

JAZKAMER 
is a duo of Norwegians John Hegre and Lasse Marhaug. The artists work together since 1998, when the group started it's activity under the name Jazzkammer. Their common output can be generally classified as noise music, even though each of their recordings, including collaborative efforts with numerous other performers, differ from each other as much, as the means used for creating the sound in the process of making them. In 2004 Marhaug has released a solo record called "The Shape Of Rock To Come", title of which (a tribute to Ornette Colemana of course) perfectly describes the music of the duo, that had changed it's name the same year to Jazkamer, just to get rid of "jazz" out of it. Their music truly is rock, the potential rock of the future, as it should be. Extreme, uncompromising, dirty and true.

Elka Krajewska 
is a visual artist born in Warsaw and living in New York. She creates films, digital movies and broadly 
interpreted screen-works, combines combine impulsive character of image with multi-source recordings and transmissions through the help of structures often borrowed from other disciplines (plastic arts, musical 
notations, word-creation, spatial navigation systems or scientific protocols). Engaging in multi-disciplinary art projects, Krajewska collaborates with other artists, often from the field of experimental music. Many of her works focus on the dynamics and tension between visual elements and sound. She experiments with techniques and equipment, working both on intimate and on monumental scale (for example a special project developed for the IMAX screen dome).

Lionel Marchetti 
is a French composer of musique concrete and improviser. Aesthetic of his artistic output is rooted in the 
tradition of musique concrete originated by Pierre Schaeffer, but he belongs to the group of artists who had 
taken it's academic achievements to the ground of independent music scene of free improvisation. His work develops parallely in the fields of composition and improvisation. Many recordings document both areas. Characteristic for his music is the stunning care for detail and dramaturgy, which makes his electroacoustic collages engaging and full of tension, almost narrative. Marchetti is also a poet and essayist, and spoken words are often the building blocks of his compositions. He also engages in interdisciplinary projects, for example an improvising duo with the dancer Yoko Higashi.

Norbert Möslang 
from Switzerland is a visual and sound artist. He started as a free jazz saxophonist, but abandoned acoustic 
instruments in favour of using every-day home appliances, in the ways unintended by their creators. For many years his main artistic partner was Andy Guhl, together they were known as Voice Crack duo. With this project the artists earned well deserved recognition for their musical and visual work with broken every-day electronic appliances. Since 2002 Möslang mostly works solo, and his interests gradually became biased towards the unorthodox application of digital techniques. Another field of his interest is the relation between the visible and the audible, light and sound and the inclinations of their common, wave nature.

Stefan Neméth 
is an Austrian multi-instrumentalist and composer. Mostly known for his membership in Radian and Lokai, he has been creating his own solo music for years. The release of his first solo album, "Film", which collects transformed and rearranged soundtrack works from many years, was an important moment in his career. Neméth's music exists on the aesthetic borderland, bringing together and mixing the rhythmic, melodic, traditional and experimental, atonal, avant-garde elements. It sets aside all the traditional distinctions between electronic and acoustic, digital and analogue, ambient and engaging, instead proposing a new, coherent, post-eclectic music for the new century.

Jérôme Noetinger 
is an improviser and electroacoustic music creator form Grenoble in France. Composer of the studio musique concrete and live improviser, utilising the analogue appliances such as the Revox A77 reel-to-reel recorder and magnetic tapes, mixers, microphones, home appliances and self-made objects. He is a member of Cellule d'Intervention Metamkine collective, an audiovisual group mixing live collages of pictures form 16 mm film projectors with live electroacoustic soundtrack. Besides his artistic activity, he is the man behind Metamkine - a non-profit organization that is one of the biggest distributors of experimental and avant-garde music records in Europe.

PAN SONIC 
from Finland is a duo of Mika Vainio and Ilpo Väisänen. The group that started it's activity as Panasonic, is now a true legend of the electronic music. In the beginning the musicians focused on the techno aesthetics, although filtered through their own characteristic sound of self made oscillators and cold, repetitive minimalism, inspired by the famous duo Suicide. Under pressure form Japanese company the artists got rid of the "a" from their name, and influenced by constantly broadening spectrum of inspirations, they introduced new elements to their music, moving more and more into the experimental areas. Today, their music is one of the most original phenomenons on the European electronic music scene. Their live performances are notorious for powerful sound and dangerous volume.

Phroq 
is an alias of Francisco Meirino, living in Switzerland. His music is a constantly changing, complex stream of sound generated from computer, contact microphones and many different acoustic sources. The effect is a very dynamic structure oscillating between the intense electroacoustics and passages of pure noise. Intensity and precision are the main characteristics of this sound. What fascinates Merino the most in music, is the tension between the programmed result and chance occurrences, which  builds the delicate balance of control and chaos. Merino performs and publishes records both under his own name and as Phroq, releases in established noise labels around the world, collaborates with many like-minded artists from many countries. He is also creating multimedia installations.

Gert Jan Prins 
is a Dutch improviser and constructor of instruments. He began as a percussionist, but soon got interested in building his own, analogue and digital electronic systems. He uses them to generate dirty, aggressive, rough explosions of sound matter, that he is able to restrain within the clear, often very rhythmic structure of his music. Thus he refers to the industrial culture heritage, studying the inclinations of mutual relations between human and the machine. He often collaborates with visual artists and also works with visuals himself.

Marcus Schmickler 
lives and works in Cologne. He is a classically trained composer and electronic musician, a versatile artist of many faces. His compositions contribute to the tradition of German academic electronic and electroacoustic music, and at the same time relate to the latest trends in today's electronic avant-garde. He is also an active improviser, working in different configurations with other improvising instrumentalists, in this context mainly using computer. His interest in more conventional forms of music is reflected in his activity with the Pluramon project, among others.

SYNCHRONATOR 
is a Dutch multimedia duo of Gert-Jan Prins and Bas van Koolwijk. The artists are devoted to explore the possibilities created by the modern equipment, both analogue and digital, in the field of generating pictures which are not based on "proper" video signal. Instead, they base on potential of possibilities offered by the very technical structure of the hardware. Thus they generate pictures that expose and reflect the true nature of machines behind the commonly known TV picture. The artists, among other activities, also experiment with the visual representation of sound by direct implementation of audio signal to special, self-made picture generating systems.

Hild Sofie Tafjord 
comes from Norway, where she studied jazz and improvised music. She is involved in SPUNK and Fe-Mai, as wall as numerous other groups and collaborations. French horn is her main instrument, but she broadens her sound palette by using electronics, other instruments and devices. She is mostly active as an improviser, but she also creates electronic compositions in the studio. Her approach towards the instruments focuses on unorthodox techniques and forms of expression, and usage of electronic devices to alter the sound and build multilayer structures is a natural consequence of her experiments. She also creates music for theatre, 
dancers, installations and films.

John Wiese 
comes from the USA an is one of the most active representatives of the thriving local noise scene. Both solo, and with projects such as Sissy Spacek, LHD, or in collaborations with other artists, he uncompromisingly penetrates the most extreme forms of sound expression. He uses many means, from computer, through different electronic devices, tape manipulations and collages, to more traditional instruments. As many other artists from the American scene, he proves that noise music, with it's DIY ethos and disrespect for all rules and boundaries, is the punk of today.

Paul Wirkus 
comes from Poland, but has been living in Cologne for many years. He is a percussionist and electronic musician, performing both solo and in many different groups and projects. His roots can be traced back to punk-rock, but his mature output, both acoustic and electronic, is biased towards the minimalism. It can be characterised by economy and careful choice of the means of expression, meditative repetitions and clarity of vision. Among Wirkus' collaborators there are such artists as Barbara Morgenstern, Stefan Schneider, Ekkehard Ehlers, Mikołaj Trzaska and Macio Moretti. He has also worked with the writer Andrzej Stasiuk, 
accompanying his readings and created a radio play for Czech Radio in Prague.

Christian Wolfarth 
comes from Switzerland, where he had completed the education as percussionist and composer. Since the middle of the 1980s he is involved in the performing of broadly implied jazz and improvised music. His versatile approach towards percussion instruments led him to collaborations with numerous musicians from around the world, originating from many traditions and aesthetics: ethnic, jazz, free improvisation to contemporary classical forms. He also works with dancers on regular basis, mostly with Nina Schneider.

Wolfram 
is the alias of Warsaw based Dominik Kowalczyk. A veteran of Polish electronic music scene, former member of the trio Neurobot, he has been recording solo since 2000. His main instrument is computer and his style is modern ambient, filtered through the experiences of noise music. Wolfram creates seemingly calm soundscapes, yet very far from relaxation music, full of tension, not free from distracting, aggressive elements. He has released several well received albums, created music for theatre. He is also a web-designer.

Anna Zaradny 
is a Polish composer, improviser and sound artist. Her main instrument are saxophone and computer. She is a classically trained musician, her creative path led her towards experimental, electroacoustic forms, free improvisation and electronic music. As instrumentalist and composer she focuses on utilising extended instrumental techniques and multi-layered, structurally complex sound constructions. She is also active in the field of visual art and multimedia installations, exploring the physical, abstract nature of light and sound. She is also involved in interdisciplinary projects including theatre, literature, arts.